My guesses as to why your car stopped working, in the following order:
1: Crank Position Sensor Stopped Working
2: Fuel Pump Died
16: Torn Timing Belt
Starter Solenoid not engaging the flywheel ring gear (although wouldn't explain the dying while driving)
The ring gear broke off the flywheel, still doesn't explain drying while driving.
I don't think it's a transmission issue, because if your transmission failed, your engine shouldn't have died, or at the very least should start when you're cranking it.
I would approach this just like any non-start engine problem.
Obviously first you have to determine if the engine cranks or not. - I would probably turn the engine with a wrench from the Main engine sprocket to see if I can actually feel the compression, when the engine is turned, if you do, then you can rest assured your timing belt is not torn.
Then figure out if getting air, fuel and spark?
Check the spark plugs by pulling the spark plug wires out, connecting a spark plug to them, and see if they spark when you're cranking in the engine.
Check if you're getting fuel by disconecting a fuel line. Easiest is to disconnect a fuel line at the fuel filter (it will spray a lot.)
I would take out the starter like 99stm suggested, in addition to inspecting it, short the solenoid, and see if it pops forward, if it does, then check with a multimeter that you're getting power to the starter solenoid wire.
I just got home from a 16hr shift, so if this doesn't make sense, it's cuz i'm tired, but hope it helps!